Large and complex watersheds, as result of complex topography, characterize the Mexican landscape. And although water for human consumption is becoming more limited as water demands increase, there is incomplete information on current and future water availability. As water resources become scarce, it is not clear how ecosystem services of economic critical ecosystems will be impacted due to limited water supply in Mexico. The objective of this project is to evaluate how ecosystem resiliency capacity is controlled by the hydrological connectivity in a variety of Mexican ecosystems.

Aquatic ecosystems regulate material transfer between terrestrial and coastal systems, and play a significant role in regional to global carbon (C) and nutrient cycles. The functioning of inland waters is being altered by human activities such as land use change, climate change, and hydraulic engineering.

Global climate change is emerging as the single most important environmental issue of the 21st century. The direct and indirect effects of climate change on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are highly complex and poorly understood. High elevation watersheds can be a useful unit for studying climate-induced effects because they are sensitive to global change processes and may serve as a bellwether for more resistant ecosystems of higher order watersheds.

Permafrost plays an important role in shaping the chemistry of streams by restricting subsurface flows through catchments to soils. During the summer thaw of soil, subsurface flows migrate through deeper soil horizons presumably resulting in seasonal shifts in the inputs of carbon and nitrogen to the streams. Within streams, the extent of the hyporheic zone may also shift with seasonal thaw. Hyporheic zones have high mineralization and nitrification rates; thus expansion of the hyporheic zone throughout the season has important implications for stream chemistry.

Of all the ecosystem services, a sustainably supply of water may be the most important. Streamflow from forests alone provides two-thirds of the water supply in the United States, implying that water supplies depend entirely on a range of natural ecosystem types. Climate change, drought, outbreaks of insects and pathogens, wildfire, and ecological succession are altering ecosystems’ ability to provide abundant, clean water from the headwaters of our water supply systems.