Holistic knowledge of the impact of landscape design and management practices on overall urban ecosystem function is essential to ensure that urban landscapes, particularly the vast portion of landscapes in urban residential areas, are conceived and managed in a sustainable manner. Research was conducted over 4 years (2004-2008) to ascertain effects of four residential landscape treatments on four ecosystem services of regional importance to urban sustainability; water conservation, microclimate regulation, carbon sequestration, and resident satisfaction. An experimental site was established in 2004, and was nested within a 155 single-family residential neighborhood called North Desert Village on the Arizona State University Polytechnic campus (Mesa, Arizona). The experimental site consisted of four spatially discrete and non-contiguous landscaped treatment areas. These residential landscape design types were: 1) high water use, mesic; 2) mixed water use, oasis; 3) low water use, xeric; and 4) non-irrigated, desert native plantings. The mesic landscaped area had the highest rates of carbon sequestration due to the predominance of turf grass. The mesic landscaped area also had the highest annual water use and greatest microclimate cooling during summer. Yearly electricity use by residents was lowest in the oasis landscaped area. Sociological research showed that the most common positive valuation to ecosystem services among the landscaped treatments related to aesthetic benefits and opportunities for recreation or otherwise enjoying physical interaction with the landscapes. The top reasons provided by residents for landscape preferences show that satisfaction, or quality of life, is not entirely functional or economic (e.g., limited to reducing costs of air conditioning or maintenance). Composite rankings of four ecosystem services provided by these experimental neighborhood landscapes as performance benchmarks showed that the highest value was derived from the oasis and mesic landscape designs.