Biological attributes in streams along a glacial chronosequence, North Slope, Alaska

Poster Number: 
295
Presenter/Primary Author: 
Heidi Rantala
Co-Authors: 
Parker, Stephanie
Co-Authors: 
Huryn, Alexander

The north slope of the Brooks Range has been glaciated several times since the Late Tertiary, resulting in a landscape with glacial sediments of various ages (modern to ca. 2 million years old) in close proximity. We used space as a substitute for time to investigate how terrain age affects biological attributes of streams in the Toolik Lake region of Arctic Alaska. Similar studies have been limited to successional sequences of streams on terrains deglaciated for up to only 200 years. We extended this model to streams draining terrains that have been deglaciated for up to ca. 2 million years. Habitat attributes, benthic chlorophyll-a concentrations, and macroinvertebrate community production were measured in streams positioned on glaciated terrains of six different ages (n=16, n=13, respectively). Preliminary results showed that streams on very recently deglaciated terrain had different habitat characteristics, including lower substratum stability (t-test, p<0.01) and marginally significant elevations in nutrient concentrations (SRP, t-test, p=0.097) than streams on terrains deglaciated >11,500 years ago. While streams on recently deglaciated terrains showed trends of lower benthic chlorophyll-a concentrations and lower production of benthic macroinvertebrates, there were significant differences in community production between streams on different aged terrains (PRIMER, ANOSIM, p<0.05). Variability in macroinvertebrate community production (MDS, 2D stress = 0.04) between streams positioned on terrains >11,500 years old and those on younger glacial surfaces was explained by substratum stability (R2=0.585, p=0.062). While the most recently deglaciated terrains had higher nutrient concentrations, this did not translate to increased production of either basal or primary consumers, suggesting that biological attributes in these stream reaches are strongly influenced by abiotic processes and have not advanced to a successional stage governed by biotic processes as observed in other ecosystems.

Student Poster: 
Yes